{"id":5879,"date":"2017-10-17T12:36:56","date_gmt":"2017-10-17T16:36:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sciencemediacentre.ca\/site\/?p=5879"},"modified":"2017-10-17T12:36:56","modified_gmt":"2017-10-17T16:36:56","slug":"a-tadpole-early-warning-system-that-develops-with-experience","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/sciencemediacentre.ca\/site\/a-tadpole-early-warning-system-that-develops-with-experience\/","title":{"rendered":"A tadpole early-warning system that develops with experience <img src=\"http:\/\/sciencemediacentre.ca\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/canada_flag_icon_small.gif\">"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_5881\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5881\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5881\" src=\"http:\/\/sciencemediacentre.ca\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/tadpole-1328874_640.jpg\" alt=\"Wood frog tadpole (Lithobates sylvaticus), such as the ones examined in this study.  (Pixabay\/CC0)\" width=\"640\" height=\"421\" srcset=\"http:\/\/sciencemediacentre.ca\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/tadpole-1328874_640.jpg 640w, http:\/\/sciencemediacentre.ca\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/tadpole-1328874_640-300x197.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-5881\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wood frog tadpole (Lithobates sylvaticus), such as the ones examined in this study.<br \/><em>(Pixabay\/CC0)<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>New research suggests that tadpoles use previous dangerous encounters\u00a0to determine whether to heed the warnings of others. These warnings take the form of chemical cues the scientists call &#8220;disturbance cues&#8221;, which are produced while prey escape a predator. These may be used to signal predation risk to other prey nearby. Researchers exposed wood frog tadpoles to either a\u00a0high-risk or a low-risk environment, then examined their behaviour in response to disturbance cues of other tadpoles from either high- or low-risk environments. High-risk environments were more likely to change how tadpoles release and respond to disturbance cues.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Authors:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kevin R. Bairos-Novak, Matthew D. Mitchell, Adam L. Crane, Douglas P. Chivers, Maud C. O. Ferrari<\/p>\n<p><strong>Corresponding author:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kevin Bairos-Novak, Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, SK, Email:\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:kevin.bairos-novak@usask.ca\">kevin.bairos-novak@usask.ca<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org\/content\/284\/1863\/20171465\" target=\"_blank\">Original paper<\/a> published in the <em>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences<\/em> on September 27, 2017.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>New research suggests that tadpoles use previous dangerous encounters\u00a0to determine whether to heed the warnings of others. These warnings take the form of chemical cues the scientists call &#8220;disturbance cues&#8221;, which are produced while prey escape a predator. These may be used to signal predation risk to other prey nearby. Researchers exposed wood frog tadpoles [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5880,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[3186,3184,3183,3185],"class_list":["post-5879","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-paper-of-interest","tag-chemical-cues","tag-predation-risk","tag-tadpoles","tag-wood-frog"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"http:\/\/sciencemediacentre.ca\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/tadpole.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4DqbN-1wP","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/sciencemediacentre.ca\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5879","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/sciencemediacentre.ca\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/sciencemediacentre.ca\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sciencemediacentre.ca\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sciencemediacentre.ca\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5879"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/sciencemediacentre.ca\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5879\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5882,"href":"http:\/\/sciencemediacentre.ca\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5879\/revisions\/5882"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sciencemediacentre.ca\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5880"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/sciencemediacentre.ca\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5879"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sciencemediacentre.ca\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5879"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sciencemediacentre.ca\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}