Royal Society Open Science Published November 7, 2018 17:01 ET (Brief from the Royal Society) North Atlantic right whales have been declining for about seven years and, at the specie’s peak, numbered less than 500 whales. Researchers show that, even when the numbers of whales were increasing, the death of adult females jeopardized the recovery, and that […]
Category: Paper of Interest
Shoreline-dwelling sunfish boast bigger brains than open-water kin
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Published November 7, 2018 17:01 ET (Brief from the Royal Society) Just as people find different contexts more or less cognitively challenging, different environments can be more or less challenging for animals. Individuals with greater cognitive abilities tend to have bigger brains. Sunfish individuals that live in the complex […]
Tooth fossils from ancient reptiles reveal how mammals’ teeth evolved to stay in place
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Published November 7, 2018 17:01 ET (Brief from the Royal Society) Mammals are unique in that their teeth are not fused to the jaws, but held in place by a ligament. This ligament suspends the tooth in place and cushions against the forces of chewing. When researchers examined the […]
Rare insight into ornithopod dinosaur tooth evolution
PLOS One Published November 7, 2018 14:00 ET (News release from PLOS) Changchunsaurus parvus, a small herbivorous dinosaur from Cretaceous China, had a unique way of replacing its teeth without disrupting the shearing surface of its teeth rows. The teeth also feature wavy enamel, once thought to have evolved later in the duck-billed dinosaurs. These features may […]
Social cues can push amphibious fish to their thermal limits
Biology Letters PublishedOctober 31, 2018 17:01 EDT (Brief from the Royal Society) Researchers used a tropical, air-breathing fish that routinely leaves the water to avoid stressful situations to determine if social information affected how the fish responded to increasing water temperatures. The fish prioritized social interactions over escape from thermal stress, such that they remained in water […]
Pedestrian deaths increase on Halloween in the U.S.
JAMA Pediatrics Published October 30, 2018 11:00 EDT (News release from JAMA) Using U.S. highway traffic safety data from 1975 to 2016, researchers compared how many pedestrians died in traffic-related accidents the evening of October 31 each year to similar deaths one week earlier and one week later. Six hundred and eight pedestrians died on the 42 Halloween […]
Higher levels of previously unsuspected pollutant found in homes, environment
Environmental Science & Technology Published October 30, 2018 01:00 EDT (News release from Indiana University) Scientists found high levels of a previously unsuspected pollutant in homes and in an electronic waste recycling facility in Ontario, and in southwestern Lake Michigan. The chemical, tri(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphate or TDTBPP, is an organophosphate known to be toxic. People are likely exposed to […]
Decadal weather system-driven rainfall amplifies owl predation on rare seabirds
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Published October 24, 2018 17:01 EDT (Brief from Royal Society) The effects of drought-breaking rainfall driven by El Ninõ/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) ricochets along a chain of interactions between marine and terrestrial food webs, leading to enhanced predation of a rare nocturnal seabird by a population of barn owls […]
Modern and ancient arthropods share shell-crushing abilities
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Published October 24, 2018 17:01 EDT (Brief from Royal Society) This first analysis of the feeding biomechanics of modern and extinct shell-crushing arthropods shows remarkable similarities between the feeding structures of the modern American horseshoe crab and the 508-million-year-old Sidneyia inexpectans from British Columbia’s Burgess Shale. This biomechanical […]
Glass sponge persistence under climate change
PLOS One Published October 24, 2018 14:00 EDT (News release from PLOS) The unique glass sponge Vazella pourtalesi off Nova Scotia, is distributed in an area that experiences strong historical variability in temperature and salinity. The persistence of this species in the face of this climatic variability possibly indicates how it will response to future climate […]
Navigating the moral rules of the road for a future of driverless cars
Nature Published October 24, 2018 13:00 EDT (News release from Nature Research Press) Results from a worldwide online survey reveal global moral preferences for how driverless cars should decide who to spare in unavoidable accidents. Many shared preferences exist, including sparing the largest number of lives, prioritizing the young, and valuing humans over animals, while ethics […]
How Salmonella tricks the human immune system
Cell Reports Published October 23, 2018 11:00 EDT (News release from McMaster University) By comparing two Salmonella strains – one that causes disease in humans and the other in reptiles – researchers discovered another method bacteria use to evade the human immune system and promote infection. Although the two bacteria share most of their genes, researchers found […]
Climate change may worsen bumblebee decline
Nature Scientific Reports Published October 18, 2018 09:00 EDT (News release from Nature Research Press) Researchers used previous patterns of bumblebee range changes and bumblebee queen dispersal rates to model potential changes in their ranges under different future climate scenarios. All results suggest that bumblebee species will significantly decline further across much of North America, with […]
Urban rats eat more protein
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Published October 17, 2018 17:01 EDT (Brief from the Royal Society) Rats are one of the most successful and prolific pests in human society, yet rat behaviour in cities remains poorly understood. Analysis of diets of 19th-century rats from Toronto show that rats in cities have significantly different […]
Wing veins help butterflies’ hearing
Biology Letters published October 17, 2018 17:01 EDT (Brief from the Royal Society) A distinguishing feature of a diverse group of butterflies called the Satyrini is a conspicuous swelling on their forewings. Using the Common Wood-Nymph as a representative Satyrini, researchers reveal that these butterflies have ears on their forewings that are sensitive to low-frequency sounds. The […]
Long-term data probe tree swallow declines
The Condor: Ornithological Applications: two papers Published October 17, 2018 09:00 EDT (News release from the American Ornithological Society) Long-term Canadian data reveal how demographic factors contribute to declining populations of tree swallows, which hunt insects while flying. In Ontario, drops in overwinter survival and the rate at which chicks successfully left the nest drove the […]
