Cell Reports Published December 4, 2018 Vulnerability to obesity includes eating in response to food cues, which increase influence through conditioning. Conditioning is largely driven by dopamine, believed to encode the difference between expected and actual rewards. In this study, researchers use fMRI to show a gut-derived hormone that triggers hunger and eating also stimulates dopamine to […]
Category: Article scientifique
New hope for cancer patients with dangerous blood clots 
New England Journal of Medicine Published December 4, 2018 (News release from the Ottawa Hospital Research Group will be posted here>) A low dose of a drug called apixaban provides the first approach to safely prevent blood clots in people with cancer. This is important because venous thromboembolism is the second leading cause of death in […]
Economics drives fentanyl’s deadly rise
Addiction Published December 4, 2018 (News release from University of California – San Francisco) Fentanyl likely spread because of heroin and prescription pill shortages, and because it was cheaper for large, illegal-drug producers to create than heroin, according to this report on illicit US drug markets. Because fentanyl is added to the supply higher up the dealer chain […]
Moms’ emotional bonds with their babies after birth predicted during pregnancy
Child Development Published December 4, 2018 (News release from the Society for Research in Child Development) A strong bond between mothers’ and their babies are key to the children’s development, but this bond does not develop instantly. This study shows that responses to images of infants’ facial cues change over the course of pregnancy and early motherhood, […]
Soil compound fights chronic wasting disease
PLOS Pathogens Published November 29, 2018 (News release from PLOS) Researchers tested the role of a major soil organic matter compound, humic acid, for its ability to bind chronic wasting disease prions and impact infectivity. They found incubating the prions with high humic-acid concentrations decreased prion signal and infectivity in mice. Chronic wasting disease is fatal […]
33-million-year-old whale from Oregon had neither teeth nor baleen
Current Biology Published November 29, 2018 (News release from Cell Press) A 33-million-year-old fossil whale from Oregon had neither teeth nor baleen. Representing a surprising intermediate stage between modern filter-feeding whales and their toothed ancestors, Maiabalaena was a suction feeder. The findings suggest early whales lost their teeth before the evolutionary origin of comb-like baleen. Corresponding author: […]
More partners, more ranges: Plants who make friends with more soil bacteria spread more easily
Biology Letters Published November 28, 2018 Plants like legumes get nitrogen from bacteria they harbor in their roots, but to reap this benefit in new habitats they must find compatible bacteria there. Researchers combined data from a global database of legume ranges and DNA sequences of their bacteria and found that legumes that partner with diverse […]
Probiotics no help to young kids with stomach virus
New England Journal of Medicine: two papers Published November 21, 2018 17:00 ET (News release from Washington University, St. Louis) Children with stomach viruses increasingly are given probiotics to ease vomiting and diarrhea symptoms, but these two studies show that two commonly used probiotic formulas do not improve symptoms. Researchers evalutated the effectiveness of Culturelle (Lactobacillus […]
Sweetened drinks pose greater diabetes risk than other sugary foods
BMJ Published November 21, 2018 16:30 ET Sweetened drinks pose a greater risk of type 2 diabetes than most other foods containing fructose, a naturally occurring sugar. The findings suggest that fruit and other foods containing fructose seem to have no harmful effect on blood glucose levels, while sweetened drinks and some other foods that add […]
Canadians’ and Americans’ Twitter language mirrors national stereotypes
PLOS ONE Published November 21, 2018 14:00 ET (News release from McMaster University) Differences in the language used in nearly 40-million tweets reflect national stereotypes – Canadians tend to be polite and nice while Americans are negative and assertive – even if the stereotypes aren’t accurate. Researchers isolated words, emoticons, and emojis used disproportionately on Twitter by […]
Negative social cues on tobacco packaging may help smokers quit
Journal of Consumer Affairs Published November 21, 2018 00:01 ET Tobacco packaging that reminds smokers that other people disapprove of the activity can trigger feelings of self-consciousness, which in turn reduces smoking intentions. This approach was particularly effective in ‘isolated’ smokers who did not see smoking as identity-relevant or congruent with their social self. Canadian co-author: Jennifer […]
Little evidence that e-cigs are prompting young people in the U.S. to start smoking
Tobacco Control Published November 20, 2018 18:30 ET (News release from BMJ) Although trying e-cigarettes (vaping) may prompt some young people to turn to traditional cigarettes (smoking), according to this analysis of national data, that does not occur at the population level. The downward trend in traditional smoking among young people in the U.S. accelerated after vaping became widespread in 2013. […]
Adaptation, speciation, and extinction in the Anthropocene
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Published November 14, 2018 17:01 ET (Brief from the Royal Society) Humans have altered the course of species evolution across the planet. The direction and magnitude of selection has changed to favour organisms that best tolerate human-caused development, harvesting, species introductions, and environmental changes. Species that are large-bodied, specialist, […]
Researchers identify a new superkingdom-level lineage within eukaryotes
Nature Published November 14, 2018 13:00 ET The genetic and evolutionary analyses reported here place Hemimastigophora outside of all established eukaryote supergroups. The researchers argue that, based on the evolutionary distinctiveness of this group, the organisms instead comprise an independent supra-kingdom-level lineage. The researchers also established the first culture of a hemimastigote, which will facilitate future […]
Large babies born to diabetic moms have triple the risk of obesity
Diabetologia Published November 13, 2018 18:00 ET (News release from Diabetologia) New research published in Diabetologia (the journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes [EASD]) shows that In a study that analysed 81,226 kids born between January 2005 and August 2013 in Alberta, rates of being overweight or obese in childhood were highest in large-at-birth children born […]
Pharmacist-led intervention reduces inappropriate prescriptions for older adults
JAMA Published November 13, 2018 11:00 ET (Summary video from JAMA Network) Pharmacist-led educational interventions help reduce the number of prescriptions for inappropriate medication among older adults. More than 40 per cent of patients receiving educational intervention provided by pharmacists ended inappropriate prescriptions within six months, compared to 12 per cent of patients who received usual care. […]
